Nowadays, the fundamental role of having a purpose for life in physical and mental health has been confirmed. According to victor frankl, presence of a purpose in life gives life a meaning and increases resilience against pains and traumas. The importance of the purpose in life construct reveals the need for a reliable and valid tool to measure it. Crumbaugh and Maholick's purpose in life Questionnaire is the first and one of the most applied tools for the assessment of life's purposefulness. The aim of this research is to determine the factor structure of purpose in life Questionnaire. The Questionnaire was administered on 206 students who were selected through random stratified sampling at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Exploratory factor analysis showed that there are two factors "comprehension" and "purpose" and this finding were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Altogether results of this research showed factor validity of the purpose in life Questionnaire with a two factor pattern

AbstractAim: Human power is considered as the valuable capital of organizations, which selection, maintenance and preservation is necessary and important for every organization, and this will be possible by using job Questionnaires. For this purpose, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the validity and reliability of Panikar's Occupational Typography Questionnaire. Methods: For the initial review of the Questionnaire, the initial version of the Questionnaire was implemented on a sample of 50 people (25 girls, 25 boys in the second secondary school). Then the Questionnaire was given to 10 experts in the field of psychology and psychometrics (7 psychologists and 3 psychometricians) and its content and form validity were also checked. Then, to check confirmatory factor analysis, 600 people between 14 and 24 years of age were selected by available sampling method and responded to Panikar's occupational typology Questionnaire. Results: In the present study, after analyzing the data by content validity method and confirmatory factor analysis, finally a Questionnaire of 312 questions was obtained that separates 8 job types and the components of each type are from the point of reliance, pleasure, planning, identity, risk, motivation and framework are formed. Conclusion: The results of the validation based on Cronbach's alpha were also 0.77, which is a suitable value. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that this Questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for evaluating job types in the workplace..

Background: Physical and sexual harassment has extensive psychological consequences on people's lives. Therefore, the using of a valid measure to identify this unpleasant experience in people can be useful both in determining the starting point of interventions related to victims and in general screenings in the society. In this regard, due to the lack of native and multidimensional measures to investigate this phenomenon, the aim of this study was to design and validation of the psychosexual harassment Questionnaire. Methods: The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of nature. The study population included all university students aged 18 to 30 in Hamadan province from 2021-2022. From this population, a sample of 600 participants was selected based on a multi-stage cluster sampling method according to the population of the studied cities. The measures were a 27-item researcher-made psychosexual harassment Questionnaire and the Ryff Psychological Well-being Scale. Results: The results showed that the factor load was 27 items appropriate and 2 items inappropriate which were removed from the Questionnaire. Finally, four factors including sexual harassment, physical harassment, sexual-virtual harassment, and verbal harassment were identified, in total, four factors could explain 58% of the variance of psychosexual harassment. Based on this, the four identified factors explained 33, 12, 8, and 5 percent of the variance of the structure of the psychosexual harassment construct, respectively. The adequacy of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sampling and Bartlett sphericity test (7332. 2132) was calculated to be significant at the level of 0. 001. The overall reliability of this Questionnaire was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 0. 91 and the reliability of physical, sexual, sexual-virtual and verbal harassment dimensions equal to 0. 90, 0. 88, 0. 81, and 0. 82, respectively. Conclusion: As a result, given the validity and reliability of this measure, researchers can use this measure to determine the level of four cases of abuse expressed. Also, due to having a nominal table and its interaction with each of the four dimensions of the measure, followed by obtaining very accurate and detailed information from the subject, clinicians can use this measure for clients and patients, especially in the category of disorders.

Introduction: The nursing education course faces challenges that can be solved with simple and low-cost measures if properly identified. Otherwise, the challenges will turn into a crisis and their solution will be difficult and costly. However, there is no tool available to examine the challenges of nursing education in Iran. Methods: This research is a combined study that was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, the terms of the Questionnaire were compiled using the qualitative interview of the study, as well as the review of authentic texts related to the topic of the research. In the next step, during a methodological study, the psychometric characteristics of the Questionnaire were determined using face validity, content (CVR & CVI) and exploratory factor analysis, as well as reliability with internal consistency and stability methods. Results: The pool of items including 30 expressions was extracted. After determining face validity, qualitative and quantitative content validity, the number of Questionnaire statements was reduced to 28 items. The result of the exploratory factor analysis of this Questionnaire, three factors including "defective educational cycle", "educational structure challenge" and "overall neglect as a member of the education family", these three factors explained a total of 72. 01% of the variance of the entire test. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0. 865 and the stability through retest with intraclass correlation test was 0. 8. Conclusions: Considering the desired validity and reliability of the 27-item Questionnaire of nursing education challenges, its use by researchers is recommended.

Introduction: Deepening society's spirituality needs holistic care, qualified and safe spiritual health services, competency-based education, and evaluation of employee competency. Failure to determine "competencies" and lack of a Questionnaire hinders evaluating the a Questionnaire hinder evaluating the quality of spiritual health. The aim of the study was to design a psychometrically assessment of the Spiritual Health Services Competence Scale based on the Sound Heart Model. Materials and Methods: In the sequential exploratory study, during the combined study of the tool construction, with the hybrid model of Schwartz and Kim, in three stages of theoretical review of pieces of evidence, fieldwork (in-depth individual interviews/focus group discussion), data analysis (the conventional content analysis method), the initial version of the 80-item Questionnaire was developed. The validity of the Questionnaire was checked with face validity (qualitative: by 10 experts, quantitative: by evaluating the effect of the item), content validity (quantitative: CVR with Lavache's formula, by 14 experts, qualitative: CVI by Walters method and Bassel), construct validity (by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis), reliability with internal consistency and Cronbach's alpha calculation by using SPSS-22, the Liser software. In this way, the Questionnaire was administered to 371 healthcare workers. Results: The CVR score for 40 items was greater than Lawshe’, s number (0. 571(. All items had CVI scores higher than 0. 79. Exploratory factor analysis showed the 6-factor model (spiritual communication ability as a mentor, skills to strengthen communication and motivation, attitude to spiritual self-care, the Islamic principles of counseling, skills to strengthen secure attachment to God, the knowledge of counseling). By confirmatory factor analysis, the suitability of the model was confirmed (P=0. 000). Cronbach's alpha of 0. 969 confirmed the reliability. Conclusion: Considering the necessity of competency-based education, and assessment of the competency of service providers, it is recommended to use a theory-based Questionnaire for longitudinal training of health science students to improve the quality and safety of spiritual health services.